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Effects of the application of pregerminative stimulants and

different types of substrates, in the germination of Gmelina

arborea Robx seeds, in the nursery stage

se compró 3,5 libras de semillas de melina a la cual se les aplico el respectivo tratamiento

en 36 tubeteras de 40 semillas por tubetera, con tres repeticiones, se usaron tres

tratamientos pregerminativos (ácido nítrico y agua destilada, agua caliente y agua fría) en

semillas de G. arborea Robx, con tres sustratos combinados (tierra de huerta + arena,

tierra común + abono UTEQ, tierra común + cascarilla de arroz), más el testigo al cual no

se le aplico ningún tratamiento, ya que sirvió de control, pero si se sembró en sustratos

combinados. Posterior a las dos semanas de toma de datos de germinación, se procedió

a medir las variables de crecimiento durante 8 semanas de altura, número de hojas,

Palabras clave: tratamiento pregerminativo, combinaciones, germinación, variables de

crecimiento.

and one of the few in our country that offers ample possibilities for the

development of industrial reforestations, due to its rapid growth, its relative ease

of management, its suitable physical and mechanical properties and the versatility

of uses of the wood (Merchán and Cedeño, 2015).

In order to reach their peak of maturity, forest seeds begin a period of dormancy

treatment would be one that ensures high percentages in plant production, and

at the same time, present less losses of these by adverse factors during the

germination process, also pre-germinative treatments help the dormancy of

forest seeds (Trujillo, 2015).

by the various forest species. In addition, they serve as soil protection against

water and wind erosion, in some cases as atmospheric nitrogen fixation (Jimenez,

2016).

It is known that the use of pregerminative stimulants and substrates in seeds at

nursery level is applied for different types of forest species, not all are easy to

germinate, or do not have a high germination value, because they are seeds of

very hard testa or recalcitrant. Pre-germinative methods such as seed scarification

(nitric acid), or soaking in cold and hot water, facilitate the embryo to break the

testa and the hatching of the seed, allowing the germination of the plant, pre-

germinative stimulants increase the chances of seed germination and substrates

Each treatment will have three replicates of different types of substrates, with 40

individuals to be evaluated per treatment and a total of 1440 plants as

experimental unit.

Variables evaluated prior to the application of pregerminative stimulants.

b) Determination of the number of seeds per kilogram. For this calculation, a

scale is used and 1 kg of melina seeds are weighed and counted manually, thus

determining the amount of seed contained in a kilogram weighing approximately

900 to 1,500 seeds per kilogram depending on the source from which the

d) Viability. Zalles (1988) defines viability as the potential capacity of a seed to

Variables evaluated in the field .

a) Number of germinated seeds. Data on this variable will be taken only once,

counting the germinated and non-germinated seeds of each treatment and

repetition, during two weeks after the sowing, identified by the appearance of the

first cotyledons of the plant.

b) Seedling height. This variable will be determined every 8 days, measuring in

units of cm, with a graduated ruler the length of the plant, from the surface of the

soil, to the apical part of the longest leaves, a total of 8 data collection during two

months.

c) Number of leaves. The number of leaves will also be determined every 8 days

counting the leaves per plant sampled from the different treatments, this count

will be done manually without taking into account the cotyledons, a total of 8 data

collection during two months.

d) Stem diameter. This variable will be determined every 8 days, measuring in

due care, the seedling with its root will be extracted, before measuring it will have

to be soaked in water, in order to clean the soil and facilitate the measurement

with the help of a ruler graduated in cm.

Experimental design .

The experimental design will be a (DCA) with twelve treatments and three

replications.

Table 4: ADEVA table of the experimental design (DCA).

Table 5: Treatment distribution scheme with replications.

The area where the research or field phase was carried out is in the experimental

farm La Represa, in an area of 5 m long x 3 m wide with 36 tubers and 40 seeds

Determination of number of seeds per kilogram of melina.

Table 6: Number of seeds per kg.

Determination of the viability of the number of melina seeds.

Germinated seeds and germination percentage.

According to the first specific objective, to evaluate the application of pre-

germination stimulants in the hatching of melina seeds, the following results were

seeds) a total of 708 germinated seeds.

Table 9: Germination percentage.

Table 24: Mean squares of melina leaf width.

Variable leaf width were obtained non-significant value of stimulant effect (27.42

ns) for the substrate significant of (0.90 *) the interaction of the two factors

significantly was (3.66 *). The least significant values with stimulant (32.70 ns),

substrate (10.80 ns), the interaction of factors is (52.69 ns).

combinations showed statistically similar results, with an average of 1 (1.87 a) and

3 (8.70 a) respectively.

Table 26: Leaf width averages for three substrates.

combinations showed statistically similar results, with an average of 2 (2.09 a) and

Mean squares, root length averages, with simple interaction effect of stimulants

and substrates.

For the variable root length, non-significant values of stimulating effect were

obtained (36.11 ns) for the substrate (14.87 ns) and the interaction of the two

factors was (16.96 ns).

Simple effect of stimulant on root length was not significant, i.e. all combinations

presented statistically similar results, with an average of 1 (11.46 a) and 3 (14.18

a) respectively. The simple effect of substrate on root length was not significant,

i.e. all combinations showed statistically similar results, with an average of 3

(11.85 a) and 2 (13.42 a) respectively.

The plants that registered at 35 and 49 days greater height and number of leaves

In the pre-germinative treatments of nitric acid and distilled water, hot water was

where there was less germination and less growth resulting in plants with smaller

According to (Merchán and Cedeño, 2015) the highest percentages of survival of

factor A3 (Melina seed soaking in cold water for 48 hours) with a mean of 95%.

90 days were: percentage of sprouting; plant height at 60 days; stem diameter at

petiole length at 60 days and root volume in cm3.

process compared to the other treatments during the two weeks in which the

- 1 (0.22 a), leaf width 3 (7.72 a) - 2 (2.09 a), root length 2 (13.42 a) - 3 (11.85 a).

ECUADOR EN LA COMUNA EL CÓNDOR DEL CANTÓN VALENCIA PROVINCIA