https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/La intelligence

http://revistasdigitales.utelvt.edu.ec/revista/index.php/investigacion_y_saberes/index

Analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 on the Municipal

Markets of Lima Cercado 2020

Análisis del Impacto del Covid-19 en los Mercados Municipales de Lima

investigación “Análisis del impacto del Covid-19 en los mercados municipales de

Lima Cercado, 2020” tuvo como objetivo, explicar el impacto del Covid-19 en los

mercados municipales; en donde se enfocó el estudio y se aplicó las acciones y

medidas sanitarias que fueron decretadas e implementadas por el gobierno

nacional ante el estado de emergencia sanitaria nacional; promoviendo su

cumplimiento por los comerciantes y la población en general. La metodología fue

un tipo de estudio básico, de enfoque cualitativo; el diseño de investigación fue

el estudio de caso; participaron en la entrevista los comerciantes del mercado

municipal Ramón Castilla, los funcionarios, profesionales, técnicos de la

Municipalidad de Lima y el público usuario, para el análisis se utilizó la

triangulación de datos. Sus resultados demostraron que las acciones y medidas

The world population is suffering morbidity and mortality due to the Covid-19

pandemic, an infectious disease caused by SAR-Cov-2; discovered in Wuhan,

China at the end of 2019. The World Health Organization alerted about the rapid

spread, evidencing the exponential increase of those infected with Covid-19,

qualifying it as a global pandemic that continues to affect many countries around

the world. According to Intini et al (2021) indicated that in Latin America, the

measures taken by municipalities to protect the population from contagion

scenario caused by Covid-19, originated an unprecedented health crisis that

posed a great threat to supply chains, resulting in a social and humanitarian

emergency. It revealed the fragility of our society, which is more evident, that the

effects of the pandemic will be long-lasting and will change the way of working

and the functioning of supply chains. Food supply has been one of the most

affected, generating greater demand for staple products, raising prices and

causing supply to suffer ups and downs.

Markets generate transformation in the city and in the lifestyle of the inhabitants,

as well as a great impact on their urban environment. Braudel, F. (1992). "Braudel

says that there can be no society disconnected from its market logics saying that

commerce can generate tension and create rhythm in the city". One of the causes

of tension and disorder in the environment is informal commerce; in this new

prerequisite to develop their activities, the increased use of plastics for the

biosafety barrier, as well as disposable cups, plates and cutlery, all this meant a

cost; many stalls were closed because they were not authorized tours, or because

their merchant drivers were vulnerable population; the obligation to avoid

crowding in some passages and food sector was not always fulfilled, sectors that

became risk factors for Covid-19 contagion.

Not everyone was able to adapt quickly to the exceptional situation, it was quite

a challenge, the delivery of prepared food was by delivery; the order of services

and products increased through telephone calls, few incorporated new

alternative purchasing channels to the traditional ones. Sanitary surveillance of

economic reactivation to health care. Markets are relevant to know the vitality,

local culture and economy of the city, their contribution and influence on the

population can generate routines and ways of life around trade. (CNN Español,

International research was evaluated as Gonzalez (2021), in his research "Analysis

of the impact of Covid-19 on the supply chain of the distribution sector in Spain",

concluded that the objectives proposed at the beginning of the project were

mainly concentrated in three areas. Firstly, the identification of the sector's Best

Practices in the management of the pandemic, which has been possible thanks to

the analysis of the response of the distribution sector to the challenges and the

interviews carried out with professionals with extensive knowledge of the sector.

Secondly, it has been confirmed that the Covid-19 crisis has indeed accelerated

the transition to e-commerce already observed in recent years. The penetration

of the online channel has taken a leap forward and has consolidated to levels that

the distribution sector was not expecting for another three or four years,

significantly reducing the gap with other European countries. Finally, the aim was

México ante la peste de nuestro tiempo, Covid-19: Respuestas en Municipios,

Regiones y Áreas Metropolitanas"; that one of the strategies on a global scale is

to reduce the contact between people, gives an account of the process that the

public markets of Mexico have experienced, within the framework of the Covid-

19 pandemic. Some characteristics of Mexican public markets were highlighted,

emphasizing their importance in our society and the link between them and the

origin of the pandemic, as well as the central role they really have. On the other

hand, answers, strategies, and elements that can have an impact on the

improvement of the markets were presented. Methodologically, the starting

point was what the French historian Marc Bloch defined as 'problem history'.

located in that delegation. Implement ventilation systems; it is known that even

in closed spaces Covid-19 loses effectiveness if there is good ventilation. It will be

necessary to allocate resources for this purpose. There do not seem to have been

any awareness and training campaigns in the markets for the correct use of mouth

covers, hand washing and social distance, among others. These are the main

elements that the bulk of the population has to face the pandemic, but it is

something that does not seem to be relevant for the authorities of the markets

themselves. On the other hand, the application of maximum capacity, a measure

that seeks to guarantee social distance. If the markets remain full and at certain

times are overflowing, then all other strategies will be of little use. Apply online

service development. Social networks and digital applications are playing a very

important role in supply, and although they have already begun to be used in

markets, they have yet to mature and cover a greater number of markets (p. 13).

Asanta & Molinos (2020), in their research article explored Ghana's preventive

measures to stop the spread of Covid-19 disease among its population and the

socio-economic impact of these measures in urban markets. It argues that

Ghana's Covid-19 approach in markets was characterized by improving hygiene

and forced relocation and decongestion exercises to reinforce social distancing

among traders. The hostile nature of municipal authorities and implementation

of Covid-19 preventive measures in the markets is similar to how they sought to

decongest urban centers prior to the emergence of Covid-19 (p. 171).

Gascón (2020), in his research "Covid-19, State of Emergency and Family Farming

in Spain: Rural Markets in Barcelona and Self-consumption Orchards in Alcaine

(Teruel)", indicated that the state of emergency decreed by the Spanish

government due to Covid-19 pandemic first semester of 2020, established that

basic activities should be maintained; among them, those related to food

organizational capacity of civil society. The emergency showed that in the central

government and other decentralized institutions an urban-centric vision persisted

that prioritized the conventional agro-food model (p. 177).

Paulo & Araujo (2021) who in their research entitled "Will Covid-19 affect food

supply in distribution centers in Brazilian regions affected by the pandemic"

Background: there is currently great concern about the consequences of Covid-19

on health and also on the global food supply. Ceasas are important food

distribution centers in Brazil that are of great economic importance in the

Brazilian agribusiness. The objective was to verify the possible effects of the

pandemic on food supply chains. Data were collected from the websites of the

institutions and subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05),

principal component analysis and Cluster analysis (Euclidean distance). It

concluded that the regions affected by Covid-19 showed large variations in the

prices of products sold in the Ceasas studied. Statistical analysis showed that food

prices depended on the regions and the period in which they were marketed. In

general, the month of March had the greatest impact on the consumer's pocket.

that health inequalities are directly linked to food and nutritional profile; hunger

and malnutrition, as well as overweight and obesity, increase in proportion to

poverty. In the Covid-19 current pandemic scenario, the social isolation measures

implemented in several countries to avoid the collapse of health systems impose

new rhythms on people's lives and their daily routines, which implies a

reorganization of their vital structure and the activities necessary for their

maintenance and reproduction. The restriction of circulation with the

requirement to prepare food within the home imposes a food planning with

options with a certain degree of industrial processing. In the isolation diet, among

the likely changes in food consumption patterns, there will surely be an increase

countries around the world. With a devastating economic crisis in which many

families are struggling to pay the bills and make ends meet, increases in staple

food prices can be of great concern. This study examines the relationship between

the incidence of the pandemic during the first wave in 16 Eurozone countries and

the variation experienced in food prices. We analyzed the harmonized index of

consumer food prices (included in the HICP) and the classification of the degree

of impact of the pandemic by country, the latter established with the death index

provided by the Johns Hopkins Center. The procedure used compared actual food

prices during the first wave (March to June 2020) with those predicted in the

absence of the pandemic. Time series analysis was used, dividing the research

period into two phases. In both phases, the Holt-Winters model was applied for

estimation and subsequent prediction. After a contrast using Kendall's tau

correlation index, it was concluded that in the countries with the highest mortality

rates during the first wave, there was a greater increase in food prices than in the

less affected Eurozone countries (p.1179).

Franco & Ordoñez (2020) in their research sought to formulate sales strategies to

lockdown which reached chaos in those days, and the municipal markets were

greatly affected because no products entered the city, and those that did arrive

did so at high prices, and merchants who did not live in the city could not get to

their place of work, which caused losses, either due to perishable products or

seasonal changes. The different chapters describe the theories that allow us to

base and develop the current situation of the municipal markets of Guayaquil, the

background of the research and articles related to Covid-19, which will help to

understand the problems of this sector. This research will propose strategies to

increase the income of the merchants of the municipal markets in the north of

Guayaquil.

With respect to national research we have Vallejos & Ventura (2020) who in their

were applied in an effective and constant manner in the necessary means,

however, the merchants experienced different realities: The traders who

remained in the supply market were satisfied with the strategies applied, while

the relocated traders showed disagreement with this change. He concluded that

the means used have helped them to counteract the Covid-19 contagions by being

precise and dynamic; likewise, the most favorable strategy for the traders has

been the assemblies, since it has allowed them to have a face-to-face interaction,

generating positive and somewhat obligatory attitudes on the part of the traders,

rating of fair in the meat and offal of food animals, fish and seafood, processed,

packaged and bulk foods, prepared foods, juices and soft drinks areas, with the

exception of fruits and vegetables which has a score of 48.57% and a rating of not

of the impact on the administration, within the year there were 04 administrators

with different profiles, with no continuity of their functions and competencies

reflected in the goals. The intervention of the managers of the merchants was

perceived, which interfered with and limited the municipal actions. The absence

of the municipal workers' staff was notorious because they took advantage of the

quarantine imposed by the government, which was solved by the support of the

MEF's incentive program, whose purpose is to ensure good municipal

management; hiring new personnel to comply with the biosecurity guidelines

whose objective was to contain the spread of Covid-19. Likewise, the indicator of

the merced conductiva, rent paid by drivers for the use of municipal posts, its

staff and traders, which required constant supervision.

consumer public. There was a perception of a hostile nature, when the Covid-19

preventive measures were implemented in the municipal markets; indirectly, a

application of Ministerial Resolution N°282-2003-SA/DM, Sanitary Regulation of

Markets, was incipient, the supervision and control of sanitary surveillance in the

market was not appreciated; as well as the Municipal Ordinance 072-1994; there

infrastructure and food; their actions had limitations. The registration of referral

guides or tickets is not effective to such an extent that the origin of foods such as

meat (kid and pork), dairy products (artisanal cheeses) and other agricultural and

primary products is not known. The perception about sanitary surveillance in the

market has a point of view of form that is acceptable, but the point of view of

substance is unacceptable. The promotion of the municipal market for its

conversion to a healthy market is difficult due to the absence of sanitary and

inspection inspectors, on the other hand, the participation of traders has to make

a 180-degree turn, going through various sanitary trainings, in order to align

towards a healthy market.

pandemic, analyzing its impacts, using interview and observation techniques

aimed at professionals, technicians, sanitary self-control committee, sanitary

inspectors, supervisory personnel and the general public, knowledgeable on the

subject, it was agreed to know the effects of impacts, determining:

There was no continuity in the actions of the administrators, due to the difference

in profiles and the short time designated. It appears that the merchants' directors

have an influence on the municipal authority, and through documents and

memorials, they have been able to interfere with and limit the municipal actions

of the administrators on duty. The absence of the municipal workers was due to

functions. As well as compliance with biosecurity guidelines to contain the spread

of Covid-19. The conductive grant or rent was partially fulfilled, most pay a

derisory sum of 51.00 nuevos soles per month, and even so they owe many years;

the municipal initiative condoned the payment for 02 months. Regarding

compliance with municipal and sanitary emergency regulations, priority was given

to the national sanitary emergency. There was a high possibility of Covid-19

infection among traders and consumers, due to the uncontrollable

agglomerations in 03 passages and in the food sale sector of the first level of the

municipal market under study. It seems that the traders prioritize economic

reactivation rather than health care by promoting the spread of Covid-19. A

contingent of young people from Meta 1 was deployed to correct this attitude,

limitations. The registration of referral guides or tickets is not effective to such an

extent that the origin of foodstuffs such as meat (kid and pork), dairy products

(artisanal cheeses) and other agricultural and primary products is not known. If

the sanitary surveillance was not complied with, much less was the promotion of

the municipal market for its conversion to a healthy market. More than half of

the waste produced is of organic origin, which requires a different treatment than

inorganic waste; the ways to treat this waste are unknown and there is no

selective collection of the solid waste produced in the markets; it is often

deposited in the open air or in passages. The personnel need to be trained on the

risks of Covid-19 and work with personal protective equipment that provides

Asanta, L., & Molinos, R. (2020). Exploring the Socioeconomic Impact of Covid-19

Pandemic on Markets in Urban Ghana. Spectrum of Africa Journal - Scopus.,

Science, 1(1)(4), 1-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.51392/rcidas.v1i1.5

Cruz, R. (2020). Los Mercados Tradicionales de la Ciudad de Mexico ante la peste

de Nuestro Tiempo. Cocid-19: Responses in Municipalities, Regions and

Metropolitan Areas. Deliberativa, Journal of Metropolitan Studies in

Governance, 2(e200206), 01-17. Retrieved from

file:///G:/ARTICLES%202021/Mercados%20tradicionales%20de%20Mexico

.Cruz.pdf.

Franco, J., & Ordoñez, A. (2020.). Analysis of the Influence of Covid-19 on Financial

Performance in the Municipal Markets of Northern Guayaquil. Guayaquil:

Gascon, J. (2020). Covid-19, State of Emergency and Family Farming in Spain: Rural

Markets in Barcelona Huertas de Autoconsumo en Alacaine (Teruel). Ager

Journal. Scopus, 2020(30), 177-206. doi:10.4422 / ager. 2020.13

Giordani, R., & Bezerra, D. (2021). The Pandemic Health Crisis and its Implications

for Food and Nutrition Security in Latin America. Revista Portuguesa de

Saúde Publica, 38(3), 166-175. doi:10.1159 / 000512958.

Gonzalez, I. (2021). Analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 on the Supply Chain of the

Distribution Sector in Spain. Spain: Escola Tecnica Superior d'Enginyeria

Alimentaria y Nutricional Durante Tiempos de Crisis. United Nations.

Santiago FAO, s/v(9), 1-9. doi:https: //doi.org/ 10.4060/cb2843en

Lujuria, J. (2021). A Class Analysis of the Expansion of Covid-19 in Peru: The Case

doi:10.1177 / 0896920521991612.

Paulo, D., & Araujo, F. (2021). Will Covid-19 Affect Food Supply in Distribution

Centers in Pandemic Affected Brazilian Regions. Journal Trends in food

Science and Technology., 107(s/n), 377-380. doi:10.1016 /

j.tifs.2020.05.023.

Vallejos, G., & Ventura, F. (2020). Communicational Strategies of a Municipality

for Merchants' Compliance with Government Regulations during Covid-19.

Guadalupe- Peru.: RepositorioU.C.V. Retrieved from

file:///G:/ARTICLES%202021/Sources%20for%20the%20Article%202021/T-

2020%20Peru%20Recommendations%20of%20Biosecurity%20Covid-