Revista Científica Interdisciplinaria Investigación y Saberes

2022, Vol. 13, No. 1 e-ISSN: 1390-8146

Published by: Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres

How to cite this article (APA):

Luna, Z., Rivera, M. (2023) New agricultural trends in the use of blueberries

for a new lifestyle. Revista Científica Interdisciplinaria Investigación y Saberes, 13(1) 46-56

New agricultural trends in the use of blueberries for a new lifestyle

Nuevas tendencias agricolas en el uso de arandanos par un nuevo estilo de vida

Juan David Diaz Romero

Master's Degree, Corporación Unificada Nacional CUN, Chia-Bogotá, Tenjo, Colombia,

juan_diaz@cun.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3708-8694

Fernando Augusto Poveda Aguja Ed.

Post-doctorate in curriculum, discourse and researcher training, PhD. Educational in Technology

education, Doctoral student in Administration, Universidad de la Salle, Corporación Unificada Nacional

CUN, Chia-Bogotá- Colombia. fernando_poveda@cun.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-9963

"New agricultural trends in the use of blueberries for a new lifestyle."

The purpose of the research is to develop a comparative

socioeconomic study of blueberry cultivation in the municipality of

Tenjo Cundinamarca, through a productive model according to the

determinants focused for the development of blueberry cultivation in

the municipality of Tenjo where it is intended to create new processes

manual in each of the areas required by the project, such as in the

planting area, the cultivation area, the area of (MIPE) integrated

management of pests and diseases, in the area of (MIRFE) integrated

management of irrigation and fertilizer, In the area of production and

in everything involved in the process of marketing the final product

and thus reach the community of the village of Carrasquilla and

generate a better economic development for more than thirty

families, since generating a viable and sustainable blueberry project

will improve the economic development of the farmers in the region,

with this project is intended to make known to all people the benefits

of a viable and sustainable business, well structured and which is

intended to make the best profit starting in the municipality of Tenjo

Cundinamarca in the village of carrasquilla but with a purpose to take

it to a growth where it can be generated in many of the regions of

Abstract

Received 2022-09-22

Revised 2022-10-12

Accepted 2022-12-01

Published 2023-01-04

Corresponding Author

Juan Diaz Romero

juan_diaz@cun.edu.co

Pages: 46-56

https://creativecommons.org/lice

nses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Distributed under

New agricultural trends in the use of blueberries for a new lifestyle

Revista Científica Interdisciplinaria Investigación y Saberes, / 2023/ , Vol. 13, No. 1

Colombia, and thus to contribute to a better lifestyle for all those

people who make part of the project.

Keywords:

agricultural, socio-economic, Mirfe, Mipe, cultivation,

blueberries, commercialization

Resumen

“Nuevas tendencias agrícolas en el uso de arándanos para un nuevo

estilo de vida”. El propósito de la investigación es desarrollar un

estudio socioeconómico comparativo del cultivo de arándanos en el

municipio de Tenjo Cundinamarca, por medio de un modelo

productivo acorde con los determinantes focalizados para el

desarrollo del cultivo de arándanos en el municipio de Tenjo donde

se pretende crear manual de procesos nuevos en cada una de las

áreas que requiere el proyecto, como lo es en el área de siembra, el

área de cultivo, el área de (MIPE) manejo integrado de plagas y

enfermedades, en el área de (MIRFE) manejo integrado de riego y

fertilizante, en el área de producción y en todo lo que conlleva el

proceso de comercialización del producto final y de esta manera

llegar a la comunidad de la vereda de carrasquilla y generar un mejor

desarrollo económico a más de treinta familias ya que al generar un

proyecto de arándanos viable y sostenible se podrá mejorar el

desarrollo económico de los campesinos de la región, con este

proyecto se pretende dar a conocer a todas las personas los

beneficios de un negocio viable y sostenible, bien estructurado y del

cual se pretende sacar el mejor provecho empezando en el municipio

de Tenjo Cundinamarca en la vereda de carrasquilla pero con un

propósito de llevarlo a un crecimiento donde pueda ser generado en

muchas de las regiones de Colombia, y de esta manera poder

contribuir con un mejor estilo de vida para todas aquellas personas

que hacer parte del proyecto.

Palabras clave:

agrícola, socioeconómico, Mirfe, Mipe, cultivo,

arándanos, comercialización

New agricultural trends in the use of blueberries for a new lifestyle

Revista Científica Interdisciplinaria Investigación y Saberes, / 2023/ , Vol. 13, No. 1

Introduction

While it is true that the agricultural sector in Colombia has presented

many problems due to the imminent increases in inputs and the high

cost of the same at the time of importing them since they arrive at

dollar prices and this currency has a very high value compared to the

Colombian currency, This is why farmers have stopped producing

their land to the point that they have realized that it is not profitable

to plant and sell their products in the interior of the country, a strategy

to combat this problem is through an alternative that in recent years

has had an exponential growth in the U.S. market, When making an

analysis of the characteristics that must be taken into account for the

production of this fruit we find that Colombia is one of the countries

that has many advantages over other countries at the time of

producing it because Colombia has all the climatic conditions to carry

out the production of this fruit, in addition in Colombia you can get

continuous production since not having climatic seasons does not

affect anything to plants and can be harvested throughout the year.

According to Martínez Pardo, C. L., & Bautista Espinosa, A. M. (2021).

Cooperation and political support from the United States for

Colombia's entry into the OECD began, which is a strategic objective

for the Colombian government and has been key to carrying out

important economic reforms in the country, including support for

Colombia's exports to the United States with a product that is the

blueberry, which is highly sought after in that country due to its high

benefits and its characteristics, In this way and with many other

projects the United States seeks to help the economic development

of Colombia, and taken to our project is of a very high importance

because in this way our product is on the list of products that will be

exported and more requested by that country increasing the chances

of success.

According to Trigozo Alvarado, T. L. (2021). The blueberry is known

as the super fruit due to its excellent properties and all the

characteristics it contains, which is why the blueberry has a great

approval in many of the different markets in the world, and this is

because the global trend is moving towards a healthier diet, This

New agricultural trends in the use of blueberries for a new lifestyle

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generates a great opportunity in the international business world and

allows access to markets where the purchasing power of customers is

higher, as is the case of Singapore, one of the strongest economies in

the world.

According to Álvarez, A. (2018). Around the world the blueberry or

blueberry has positioned itself as one of the most desired fruits due

to its characteristic high nutritional powers, which are rich in vitamins,

antioxidants and low in calories and this is why it is one of the most

marketed fruits in the last two decades, this is where lies an

importance of maintaining a constant agricultural production in the

use of time, the United States and Canada as powers in the

development have reached approximately a producing area of

440000 hectares leaving in evidence that its consumption has shown

a considerable increase around the world.

According to Ghezzi, Stein, E. H., & Invest, (2021). Blueberries in Peru.

The Peruvian blueberry boom is an undoubted success story. The

country went from exporting virtually nothing in 2014 to exporting

USD1 billion, and being the world's largest exporter of blueberries,

just 5 years later. This phenomenon occurred thanks to exceptional

conditions for blueberry production (high productivity, extremely

short growing periods, large tracts of available land), a highly

professional private sector and a set of good public policies (well-

functioning SENASA, the TCs, irrigation projects, the agrarian

promotion law, etc.).

From the point of view of Farfán Casallas, H. I. (2016). The constant

changes that the country has suffered reveal a problem where the

main affected are the farmers at local and national level, so the main

producers are wondering what alternatives they can consider to

reduce the environmental impact and that can be profitable to

improve the peasant economy, and be able to compete in the local

and international market, the blueberry market offers competitive

advantages for Colombia at a productive and commercial level

against its competitors given the various conditions that favor its

application and subsequent product supply in the world. Therefore, it

is important to generate an identity and information regarding the

application and development of this crop, mainly by classifying the

areas that, due to their characteristics, are suitable for the application

of fruit trees.

New agricultural trends in the use of blueberries for a new lifestyle

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According to Triana Campos, M. I., & López Beltrán, C. A. (2018).

Through the mayor's office of Tenjo Cundinamarca a project was

designed to develop business plans according to the needs of the

population where several community projects were rescued, the

strengthening of the project consisted in the presentation of a training

program with topics of general acceptance or need among the

participants and through weekly workshops and counseling in the

administrative and accounting area and thus had the basis for the

development of each business plan, within the framework of the

project, fifteen entrepreneurs were accompanied and their projects

were started by providing weekly consulting services with

professionals in the administrative and accounting areas so that the

people involved in the project could move from empirical practices to

established processes.

As Caballero Carvajal, J. D. J. (2015) stated. The United States is the

main producer and consumer of blueberries worldwide, which is why

it is one of the fruits with the highest demand, for its part in South

America were introduced at the time of the 80s and since then it has

been cultivated in countries like Chile, Argentina, Colombia and

Uruguay where Chile is the main producer in South America and

second worldwide maintaining its largest counter season in the

northern hemisphere countries (United States and Canada) where it

exports the largest amount of fruit, The permanent demand at world

level and the good prices have made that in many countries of South

America the interest of establishing crops has been awakened, for the

case of Colombia have begun to create these blueberry crops due to

the plants with low requirement of cold and that can be adapted to

the climatic conditions of the Colombian tropics.

According to Mesa Torres, P. A. (2015). The Bogotá savanna is

defined as one of the areas with high probabilities of success for the

development of blueberry plantations due to its agroecological

conditions, although the introduction of the project is relatively

recent, the objective of the project is to characterize some of the

aspects related to the phenology, growth and production of

blueberries.

According to Villegas Lozada, (2022). The blueberry (Vaccinium

corymbosum L.) fruit market has experienced an increase in demand

in the last 10 years, placing it worldwide as the fourth fruit of economic

New agricultural trends in the use of blueberries for a new lifestyle

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importance, because they are considered natural products with many

benefits for human health. Since there is no information on blueberry

production in the country, this study evaluated the effect of the type

of substrate on the vegetative growth of the Biloxi variety blueberry

crop in the Montalvo parish of the Ambato canton, province of

Tungurahua. Three types of substrate were used: rice husk (T1),

Pindstrup (T2), coconut fiber plus perlite (T3) and the following

variables were measured weekly: number of shoots, number of leaves,

shoot diameter (mm), plant height (cm), crown, vigor, number of

internodes, length of internodes and stem diameter.

Methodology

The project will be a quantitative project of non-experimental design

with a non-pyrobalistic design approach, where it relates a review of

specific data for the economic development of the region about the

cultivation of blueberries, the sample will be in the municipality of

Tenjo Cundinamarca specifically the analysis component of the

economic development of Tenjo, we will have phases of instruments

and a literature review for the comparative analysis, econometric

review, variables will be identified for the search process of its state

of the art relating the econometric aspects for the reading and its

respective description. To develop a little better the idea of the

research about the project "new agricultural trends in the use of

blueberries for a better lifestyle", we have developed some analysis

with several research works under the following determinants:

competitiveness and Michael Porter's theory, innovation under the

Oslo and Frascati manuals, and strategic direction under Peter

Drucker's theory.

One of the sources of income that contribute to the country's

economy is the export of food products, however, in our country

Colombia these types of practices are not so well implemented is why

from the project we want to publicize the benefits that will have the

implementation of new practices in the use of blueberries, according

to Diéguez Cuellar, M. Á. M., Jara Rojas, R. A., & Cofré Bravo, G. D.

C. (2019). in analyzing the export of blueberries, we find two countries

that have been working on it, these countries are Chile and Peru,

notwithstanding the work that these countries have developed, the

increase in demand for this product is evident in the export market,

New agricultural trends in the use of blueberries for a new lifestyle

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however the supply of these countries has not been able to meet the

demand for the product due to the rapid growth of global demand,

which has caused an excellent opportunity for those countries that

meet the necessary conditions to be producers of blueberries, when

making an analysis of the production of blueberries and comparing

the characteristics that this demands we can realize that in our country

Colombia and in the municipality of Tenjo Cundinamarca we fulfill all

the characteristics to be able to develop the project, as for example

the height to be able to sow this plant is between 2000 and 2600

meters above sea level, and the municipality of Tenjo fulfills these

conditions among others, due to the high demand of the product new

competitors have appeared that grant a greater dynamism in the

market, forcing the industry to improve the productive and

commercial efficiency.

According to Pacheco Huaman, M. D. (2017). In his work he sought to

describe that both the blueberry agro-exporting companies employ

strategies for a product that is growing, in which he tries to determine

the market development, product development, and related

diversification are part of the strategic activities of companies for the

export of blueberries, in the case of Colombia has an advantage and

is that it has signed the FTA with the United States since May 15, 2012,

in Colombia began to plant blueberries since about 2008 and where

exponential growth is evident in recent years, One of the advantages

that Colombia has is that thanks to its climatic conditions the

production of blueberries can be done throughout the year and when

comparing this determinant with other countries is a key point for the

export of the product because at times when other countries can not

export blueberries because their climatic conditions do not allow it,

there is an opportunity for Colombia to supply the international

market demand for this product.

For the production model to be generated in the municipality of

Tenjo, and thinking about Porter's five forces, a manual was designed

to start training farmers in the following aspects;

The power of negotiation with customers: this is intended to make the

farmer understand that customers are the ultimate goal of the

company since they are the final consumers of our products, to raise

awareness of the farmers will create manuals that will be shared with

each of them.

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Negotiating power with suppliers: at this point we must let the farmers

know how important it is to have a good relationship with suppliers,

since the viability of the business and the profit we can obtain from it

depend on this.

Threats of new competitors: for our project it is very important to

make farmers understand that being a business that is having an

exponential growth, it can become a threat because new competitors

will want to enter with new products, which is why it is important to

provide advice to farmers to diversify and be at the forefront of our

products in terms of quality, marketing and other aspects that may

threaten our products.

The project will be carried out taking into account the GAP (good

agricultural practices), the GMP (good manufacturing practices) and it

is intended to generate an agreement to have the support of the ICA

(Colombian Agricultural Institute), it is of great importance to train

farmers from the beginning with all these practices because in the

medium term when the export process begins all these practices will

give us a plus to our product making the processes easier, The project

is divided into several stages starting with the planting of the product

of the plants, the production and management that must be taken in

each step as they grow and harvest the fruit, and ends with the

marketing process.

According to Ballesteros Roncancio, J. A., Sandoval Chaves, C. A., &

Cueca Garzón, M. H. (2019). The project has an establishment time of

five years in which the first two years the planting and growth process

will be carried out and from the third year onwards, when the harvest

begins, a point of equilibrium is established where the farmers begin

to see the profitability of the project, In the planting process it is

planned to start with 1000 plants of the variety (biloxi) since this

variety is the one that best adapts to the climatic conditions of the

municipality of Tenjo, for this process a manual has been established

which will be delivered to the farmers so that they follow the process

to the letter, the planting is intended to be done in ecological

materials generating an awareness of the environment, A coconut

substrate mixed with rice husks and worm humus will be used, since

these components provide many benefits that contribute to a healthy

growth of the plants, avoiding future diseases. For the land, the area

will be enclosed with anti-bird netting to prevent animals from

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affecting the process of fruit growth, disinfection fumigations will be

done with a product called defender + liquid soap (natural products),

this in order to avoid possible diseases in plants, manuals are created

to know in which weeks of planting should be done transplanting

plants to larger pots so that their growth is even and does not affect

the root of each one of them, In these same manuals information will

be given on how pruning should be done so that the plants have a

uniform growth and the foliage and fruit are not affected. For the

irrigation area a system will be generated by means of drip hoses

controlled with submersible pumps that will be in fertilization tanks

where the mixture is prepared with the weekly irrigation program that

will be specified for the weeks of life that the plants have, This

irrigation and fertilization program will be delivered by an agronomist.

For the harvesting process, another manual will be generated with all

the instructions on how to harvest the fruit, For the commercialization

process, the farmers will be trained months before the crop is to start

producing so that they can start negotiating with clients, A marketing

campaign will be carried out to publicize the work of the farmers from

the very beginning in order to attract more clients.

Results

By creating a viable or sustainable blueberry plantation business we

can improve the economic development of the municipality of Tenjo,

since the blueberry business is one of the businesses called to be

more successful in the future due to all the benefits, characteristics

and properties contained in the fruit, Because of this it is one of the

fruits that has had more approval in the different markets of the world

since the tendency of the people is in the future to achieve a healthy

diet and the blueberry contains many characteristics that contribute

to this, therefore it is a business that has characteristics of a high

demand both nationally and globally. The objective of the blueberry

project is to design a production and marketing model for blueberries

in the municipality of Tenjo, recognizing the farmers of the

municipality for implementing this type of business by helping them

with training and implementing manuals on the tasks to be performed

according to the types of varieties planted by each one of them,

generating marketing strategies through manuals either at the

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national level or at the export level to markets where the demand for

the product is greater.

Conclusions

For the realization of this project we took into account instruments

such as interviews with farmers in the village of Carrasquilla in the

municipality of Tenjo, where many of the farmers were excited and

received in a very pleasant way the realization of this project, giving

contributions and making known their support for it.

During the course of the project, several activities were developed,

such as obtaining information to clarify doubts about the project, new

agricultural strategies were created for the farmers in order to

optimize processes and generate better results, process manuals

were created for each of the activities required and training was given

to each of the people who are part of the process, a marketing

process was created to ensure that the project has the expected

results and that the farmers achieve the successful results that were

proposed from the beginning of the project.

Reference

Bustillo Álvarez, A. (2018). Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)

cultivation and its projection in Colombia.

Ghezzi, P., Stein, E. H., & Invest, B. I. D. (2021). Blueberries in

Peru.

Farfán Casallas, H. I. (2016). Possibilities of blueberry (Vaccinium

mirtillus) crop production under Good Agricultural

Practices (GAP) on a farm in the municipality of Villapinzón,

Cundinamarca.

Triana Campos, M. I., & López Beltrán, C. A. (2018). Program for

strengthening business units Tenjo-Cundinamarca.

Trigozo Alvarado, T. L. (2021). Blueberry export plan to the

Singapore market.

Caballero Carvajal, J. D. J. (2015). Growth and vegetative

development of two blueberry cultivars (Biloxi and

Sharpblue) in the Sabana of Bogotá.

New agricultural trends in the use of blueberries for a new lifestyle

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Villegas Lozada, L. A. (2022). Evaluation of three substrates for

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