Revista Científica Interdisciplinaria Investigación y Saberes
2022, Vol. 12, No. 2 e-ISSN: 1390-8146
Published by: Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres
How to cite this article (APA
): Ortiz, K., García, R., Ortiz, C. , Sánchez, R. (2022) Impacto del cambio de la
presencialidad a la virtualidad en la educación superior, Revista Científica Interdisciplinaria Investigación
y Saberes, 12(2) 132-140.
Impact of the shift from face-to-face to virtuality in higher education
Impacto del cambio de la presencialidad a la virtualidad en la educación superior
Karla Maribel Ortiz Chimbo
Master, Research Professor, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Coordinator of Academic Personnel Management, University of
Guayaquil, Ecuador. karla.ortizch@ug.edu.ec, ORCID:0000-0001-6722-244
Roberto Andrés García Viteri
Master, Professor of the Faculty of Industrial Engineering of the University of Guayaquil, Ecuador, roberto.garciav@ug.edu.ec,
ORCID:0000-0002- 6096-9628
Carlos Andrés Ortiz Chimbo
Master's Degree, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Ecuador, carlos.ortizc@ug.edu.ec, ORCID:0000-0002-
7701-2160
Rubén Ernesto Sánchez Macías
Master, Professor of the Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the University of Guayaquil, Ecuador, ruben.sanchezm@ug.edu.ec,
ORCID: 0000-0001-8596-0614
The present work deals with the impact of the change from face-to-
face to virtuality in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic as a driver of
ICTs in higher education, in which everything related to the use of
ICTs will be shown and how currently they are being the protagonists
of the activities in higher education so that it can continue its course
in the midst of the pandemic, the measures taken to safeguard the
safety of the entire university community by its authorities will be
shown, one of them is confinement or forty to prevent their
community from being exposed to Covid-19 contagion and so that
academic activities can continue, it was decided to make use of ICTs
in a very significant way since it is currently the most feasible way, we
will have concepts, data both of Covid-19, ICTs, Higher Education, as
well as the use of ICTs. In this work we can also find surveys carried
out on both students and teachers about ICTs in higher education in
quarantine, we will indicate our appreciation of the academic
processes and the benefits of the use of technologies.
Keywords:
differentiation strategies, SMEs, operability, quality,
adaptation.
Abstract
Received 2022-01-02
Revised 2022-03-11
Accepted 2022- 04-04
Published 2022-05-04
Corresponding Author
Karla Maribel Ortiz Chimbo
karla.ortizch@ug.edu.ec
Pages: 132-140
https://creativecommons.org/lic
enses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Distributed under
Copyright: © The Author(s)
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Resumen
El presente trabajo trata sobre el impacto del cambio de la
presencialidad a la virtualidad ante la pandemia del Covid-19 como
impulsor de las TIC en la educación superior, en el que se mostrará
todo lo relacionado con el uso de las TIC y cómo actualmente están
siendo las protagonistas de las actividades en la educación superior
para que ésta pueda continuar su curso en medio de la pandemia, se
mostrarán las medidas que se han tomado para salvaguardar la
seguridad de toda la comunidad universitaria por parte de sus
autoridades, una de ellas es el confinamiento o la cuarentena para
evitar que su comunidad esté expuesta al contagio del Covid-19 y
para que las actividades académicas puedan continuar, se decidió
hacer uso de las TIC de una manera muy significativa ya que
actualmente es la forma más factible, tendremos conceptos, datos
tanto del Covid-19, las TIC, la Educación Superior, así como el uso de
las TIC. En este trabajo también podemos encontrar encuestas
realizadas tanto a alumnos como a profesores sobre las TIC en la
educación superior en cuarentena, indicaremos nuestra apreciación
de los procesos académicos y los beneficios del uso de las
tecnologías.
Palabras clave:
estrategias de diferenciación, pymes, operatividad,
calidad, adaptación.
Introduction
The impact that COVID and therefore virtuality has had since its
appearance has generated a great repercussion at a global level in
many areas, one of the most affected being education at all levels at
the higher education level, but a way has always been found through
which teaching can emerge, which is the main factor involved from
face-to-face to virtuality.
There are sufficient reasons to be able to resort to the Information and
Communication Technologies to correctly fulfill the respective
professorships, the unanimous communication from the student to
the professor.
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Therefore, ICTs have generated an innumerable impact in all areas of
development being one of the most prominent at the student level,
as it has the ability to reconnect those classroom interactions that
currently can not be given personally, that is why technologies are
being the main and only channel of communication thus capturing the
attention to investigate more in the technological field.
The adaptation to the current circumstances takes certain steps to
achieve a total coupling to the way classes were conducted, always
preserving the principles, values, ethics and morals that we have been
learning throughout the educational development, giving it the
interest of the case and at the same time understanding that
everything is revolving around information and communication
technologies.
There are also what we can see as a demand or an opportunity for the
COVID to exploit ICTs to a higher level, evolving and strengthening
their schemes, as we find new launches of technological platforms that
are very useful, both for the student and for the teacher giving the
corresponding facilities, being of accessible and practical use to
manipulate.
Currently it has been possible to reflect worldwide the closure of
university establishments in most countries, affecting millions of
students and teachers because of the pandemic of COVID-19, all this
is due to safeguard the welfare of both parties involved as well as all
areas that are immersed in this area, and not have the serious risk of
getting this virus that already millions of people are carriers of the
same, avoiding the spread of this disease.
However, ICTs are the fundamental tools that can deal technologically
with all kinds of problems that may arise and this would not be the
exception, since it involves the transmission, processing and digitized
storage of information.
Therefore, several developments and advances in technologies are
being carried out in order to combat with personal safety and well-
being of personal integrity and thus give the green light to new
projects and processes where the main protagonist is ICTs.
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In any case, there will always be limitations that can be crossed in this
type of advances in education, taking into account the main problem
we have in the world today is called pandemic.
Benefits of ICTs in higher education pre-pandemic, pandemic, post-
pandemic:
Contribute to the teaching methodology; this will provide an
attraction for the student, so that the teacher can use certain methods
and initiatives of new technologies that contribute to the student's
development.
Academic planning; the different platforms allow the accessibility and
impulse so that the student can achieve essential levels in the
professional field.
Cost reduction; with the different technological programs we can
forget about the physical materials that generate expenses.
Ease of information and receipt of documents; in the administrative
field it is very feasible and manageable to access digital procedures
avoiding physical ones.
Improvement in the student-teacher relationship; they will gain
greater communication that will help strengthen the connection of
those involved.
Computer security; of utmost importance to avoid damages,
expenses and invasion of privacy.
Simplification of support materials; by simply having a technological
tool such as a smart phone that has the capacity to perform all the
functions, there will be no need for books, notebooks, erasers, pens,
folders, among other resources that were usually used.
General Objective
To inform and raise awareness about the level of impact from face-to-
face to virtuality, as a driver for the development of ICTs in Higher
Education as one of the most feasible ways to continue with the
development of academic activities.
Specific objectives
1.- Provide specific information on the technological tools that will be
used for academic activities in relation to ICTs, their use, importance
and benefits.
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2.- To develop outreach activities on the use of ICTs with audio-visual
material that teaches in a practical and simple way the use of the most
commonly used applications for current academic interaction.
To demonstrate how work models in higher education have changed,
creating new needs in the use of ICTs as a route of continuity for
educational activities in all areas.
4.- To raise awareness of the environmental benefits obtained by the
use of ICTs before and after the pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Given the topic we are analyzing and developing which is "The impact
of covid-19 as a driver of ICTs in higher education" and this gives us
the guideline to show that it is a type of exploratory research as we
are approaching the whole development of higher education using
ICTs as the most feasible way for the continuity of its activities in
general in the midst of this pandemic.
As a result of the depth of this project that we are carrying out, which
we remain immersed in the management and structural development
that come to give us the ICTs in digital mechanism on issues of ease
and feasibility and reduction of materials, therefore we have given by
concrete that we try to achieve expand the new models of habits that
involve the Higher Education and make aware the community of the
same in general, that with the passing of the years education is in the
need to scale new levels of quality and learning to form properly
enlightened professionals, in addition to develop in their respective
areas with the latest updates in their significant fields and to be a
potential competition in education and the profession they get to
exercise.
The platform used to conduct the surveys is Microsoft Form, a
mechanism through which the surveys were conducted and which we
addressed to students and teachers who are mainly involved in the
specific area of the academic process that concerns each higher
institution and who were therefore affected by this eventuality of
COVID 19.
Table 1.
Population and Sample Size.
State
Population
Sample
Instrument
Student
15926
Survey
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137
Professor
506
Survey
TOTAL
16432
267
At the level of Ecuador we have 60 universities which are currently
under the mechanism of online classes, for now there is no statistical
data for 2019 and 2020 so we took data from 2018 of which we have
a record in Higher Education of 302592 students enrolled in
Universities and Polytechnic Schools with respect to the 3rd level
taking into account a single cycle. on the other hand, tenured teachers
registered in 2018 is 9608, which therefore between students and
teachers add 312201 who are the main involved in the higher
academic process.
Of the 60 universities there are 19 operating within Guayaquil, from
which we are going to focus to draw the sample, having said this,
covering Guayaquil which has 31.67% of the total number of
universities in Ecuador being the highest percentage, we have a total
of 16,432.
Making the sample formula for the total selected and justified
population of 16,432, we obtain a sample of 267 people to be
surveyed in order to be able to base our argument regarding ICTs on
this information.
Table 2.
1. Can you access an Internet connection network?
Options
Categories
frequency
frequency
absolute
frequency
relative
frequency
absolute
relative
relative
accumulate
d
accumulate
d
1
Ye
s
263
98,50%
263
98,50%
No
1,50%
267
100%
Total
267
100%
Source: Survey
Prepared by: Researchers
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Results
In studies such as the Ulloa & Ortís, (2016) market research shows us
that the majority, with 35.42%, prefer to travel outside the city in their
free time, followed by 26.56% who like to visit fun centers or family
entertainment, which would be very beneficial due to the fact that
they would indeed travel to Naranjal to visit this tourist establishment
with friends or family.
According to the research conducted to find out what people would
like to find in the park, it was concluded that the majority, with
46.09%, would like a chocolate fair, which offers all kinds of
chocolates and delights the palates of all visitors.
The market research determines that both medical service and
parking are requirements that people want to find when going to a
theme park, and that give them that sense of security they need, each
with a percentage of 25.78%.
The market research (Mora & Díaz, 2013 p. 73) The market research
determines that 38.02% of the sample prefer mechanical games
within a theme park, that is, it is necessary to offer attractions to the
taste of all ages, as well as to offer a good live show that delights the
attendees, since 25% like it.
According to the research conducted to find out what people would
like to find in the park, it was concluded that the majority, with
46.09%, would like a chocolate fair, which offers all kinds of
chocolates and delights the palates of all visitors.
The research of Baigún & Ferriz, (2003) determines the type of food
that respondents will consume concludes that 44.53% prefer fast
food, followed by 33.59% who want regional or typical food. It is
important to take this need into account in order to know what type
of food and beverage establishments will be set up at the site.
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The results on people's willingness to pay the entrance fee show that
the majority, with 63.28%, would pay a price in the range of $15 to
$20. The market research shows that 39.58% of the respondents
associate the price to be paid with the mechanical and non-
mechanical attractions to be implemented in the theme park,
followed by the infrastructure at 23.70%. Visitors expect to find
excellent attractions in a quality environment.
Conclusions
After the development of this project, the feasibility of the creation of
this theme park in the canton of Naranjal was demonstrated, which
will allow it to be projected as a tourist destination that should be
visited. Thanks to the market study conducted, a level of acceptance
to visit the theme park of 95% was obtained, which means an ample
attraction of clients, along with the acceptance in terms of the
entrance price of 63%. This is due to the fact that people are looking
for new tourist and entertainment attractions in Ecuador.
According to the economic and financial study, it is concluded that
the project is feasible, despite the high investment, since the Internal
Rate of Return is higher than the Discount Rate, which ensures a return
on invested resources. Being the only establishment that offers
services of this magnitude, it has the competitive advantage of being
the first over other amusement, entertainment and learning centers in
the country.
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