Actividad fotoquímica de clones élites de cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) ecuatoriano en el norte de la Provincia de Esmeraldas

  • W Tezara Universidad Técnica "Luis Vargas Torres" de Esmeraldas - Ecuador
  • J. De Almeida Universidad Central de Venezuela
  • E. Valencia Universidad Técnica de Esmeraldas “Luis Vargas Torres - Ecuador
  • J. Cortes Universidad Técnica de Esmeraldas “Luis Vargas Torres - Ecuador
  • M Bolaños

Resumen

  Con el objetivo de conocer la eficiencia de captación y transferencia de energía lumínica en hojas de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) e identificar clones élites con un buen desempeño fisiológico durante la estación lluviosa, se evaluó el contenido de agua foliar (CAF), área foliar específica (AFE) y la eficiencia fotoquímica del fotosistema II (PSII) a través de medidas de fluorescencia de la clorofila a (Cl a), en 17 clones nacionales, provenientes de una selección de híbridos en la Estación Experimental Tropical de Pichilingue (Ecuador) y 3 clones criollos, cultivados en dos diferentes ensayos, ubicados en la finca de la Asociación de productores de cacao de Colón Eloy (CE) y en San Agustín (SA) al Norte de la Provincia Esmeraldas, Parroquia de Colón Eloy, Cantón Eloy Alfaro. Se discuten aspectos relacionados con la tasa de transporte de electrones (J), eficiencia cuántica máxima (Fv/Fm) y relativa del PSII (PSII), coeficiente de extinción fotoquímica (qP) y no fotoquímica (qN) y se comparan con resultados obtenidos con cultivares de cacao venezolano, en términos del requerimiento lumínico del cultivo cacao. Se concluyó que los clones de cacao ecuatoriano estudiados, cultivados a plena exposición solar (SA), redujeron significativamente el AFE y Fv/Fm, mostrando aclimatación morfoanatómica y regulación descendente del aparato fotoquímico, lo que constituye una evidencia de la aclimatación a diferentes condiciones lumínicas.
Palabras clave: Aclimatación, área foliar específica, cacao criollo, eficiencia cuántica, fluorescencia
ABSTRACT In order to known the capture of light and energy transfer in cacao leaves (Theobroma cacao L.) and identify elite clones with a best physiological performance during the rainy season, was assessed the leaf water content (LWC), specific leaf area (SLA) and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) by fluorescence of chlorophyll a (Chl a), in 17 national clones from a selection of hybrids in the Pichilingue Tropical Experimental Station (Ecuador) and 3 Criollos clones, which are grown in two different trials, located at the Association cocoa farm producers of Colon Eloy (CE) and San Augustín (SA) in the North of Esmeraldas province, Parroquia of Colón Eloy, Eloy Alfaro Canton. Will be discussed aspects such as electron transport rate (J), maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and relative quantum yield of PSII (PSII), photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) and compared with results obtained with Venezuelan cacao cultivars in terms of light requirement cocoa crops. We concluded that Ecuadorian cocoa clones studied, grown in full sunlight (SA), significantly reduced the AFE and Fv/Fm, showing morph-anatomical acclimatization and down-regulation of photochemical apparatus, which could allow adjust to different light conditions.   Keywords: Acclimation, specific leaf area, criollo cocoa, fluorescence, quantum efficiency

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Publicado
2015-12-18
Cómo citar
Tezara, W., De Almeida, J., Valencia, E., Cortes, J., & Bolaños, M. (2015). Actividad fotoquímica de clones élites de cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) ecuatoriano en el norte de la Provincia de Esmeraldas. Revista Científica Interdisciplinaria Investigación Y Saberes, 4(3), 37-51. Recuperado a partir de http://revistasdigitales.utelvt.edu.ec/revista/index.php/investigacion_y_saberes/article/view/90
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Artículo Científico