Competencias matemáticas para el siglo XXI: desafíos y perspectivas en la educación escolar
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Mathematical competencies are a fundamental component in addressing the educational demands of the twenty-first century, as they promote skills that go beyond procedural knowledge and foster reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making in diverse contexts. The aim of this study was to analyze the main challenges and perspectives related to the development of mathematical competencies in school education. The research adopted a qualitative approach through a descriptive documentary design based on the review of indexed scientific literature and official documents published by leading international organizations in mathematics education. The findings revealed a shift in curricula toward competency-based approaches, emphasizing mathematical reasoning, mathematical literacy, critical thinking, and the integration of digital technologies into teaching and learning processes. In addition, active methodologies such as problem-based learning, mathematical modeling, and cooperative learning were identified as effective strategies for strengthening these competencies. However, significant challenges remain regarding teacher professional development, curriculum implementation, competency-based assessment, and unequal access to technological resources. The study concludes that strengthening mathematical competencies requires the integration of pedagogical innovation, continuous teacher training, and educational policies that promote meaningful learning, enabling students to successfully face the academic, professional, and social challenges of an increasingly dynamic and technology-driven society.
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OECD. (2024). An Evolution of Mathematics Curriculum: Where It Was, Where It Stands and Where It Is Going. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/0ffd89d0-en